They also argue that the issue of voter fraud has been magnified or fabricated in an effort to create barriers to voter participation, and that requiring voter ID in effect discriminates against minority groups and those who are less likely to possess photo IDs. ![]() ![]() Opponents argue that voter ID laws are unnecessary due to the fact that electoral fraud is extremely rare in the United States and has been shown to be unlikely to result in any plausible impact on the outcome of elections. Proponents of voter ID laws argue that they reduce electoral fraud while placing only little burden on voters. Lawsuits have been filed against many of the voter ID requirements on the basis that they are discriminatory with an intent to reduce voting. As of 2021, 36 states have enacted some form of voter ID requirement. Indiana became the first state to enact a strict photo ID law, which was upheld two years later by the U.S. Though state laws requiring some sort of identification at voting polls go back to 1950, no state required a voter to produce a government-issued photo ID as a condition for voting before the 2006 elections. At the federal level, the Help America Vote Act of 2002 requires a voter ID for all new voters in federal elections who registered by mail and who did not provide a driver's license number or the last four digits of a Social Security number that was matched against government records.
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